校园欺负旁观者研究述评

Abstract

校园欺负是指力量相对强势的一方学生重复攻击力量弱势的学生，这是学校里普遍存在的问题。欺负是群体社交过程，在大多数校园欺负情境中，大部分学生不是直接作为欺负者或受欺负者，而是作为旁观者出现其中。有实验证据表明旁观者如果采取干预欺负行为，能够有效地降低学校欺负事件的发生率。早期对校园欺负的研究主要集中在欺负和受欺负者两类群体。然而，最近旁观者群体对欺负行为的影响研究开始崭露头角。本文试图对国内外有关校园欺负旁观者的研究成果进行梳理，主要介绍了校园欺负旁观者的分类、与欺负事件中其它参与角色的关系、测量工具，并提出以往研究存在的问题和未来的研究方向。 Bullying, defined as repeated aggression directed at students who are disadvantaged or less power-ful in their interactions with the bully or bullies, is a pervasive problem in schools. Bullying is a so-cial process, and in most school bullying situations, other students not directly involved as bullies or victims are present as bystanders. Evidences have supported that bystanders’ intervention can re-duce school bullying. Traditionally, the school bully was mainly focused on the bully and the victim. However, the study about the influence of bystanders in bullying begins to emerge. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review was made with regard to bystander behavior in bully at home and abroad, and then the classification, the relationship with other participant roles and the measure were introduced. At last, it put forward the limitations about this field and the direction in the future.