黄海细纹狮子鱼种群特征的年际变化

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 黄海细纹狮子鱼种群特征的年际变化 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201304170731 作者: 作者单位: 中国海洋大学水产学院; 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,广东海洋大学水产学院,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家国际科技合作专项项目(2013DFA31410);气候变化重大基础研究项目(973-2013CB956503);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903005);山东省泰山学者专项基金共同资助 Interannual variation in the population dynamics of snailfish Liparis tanakae in the Yellow Sea Author: Affiliation: College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China,,,,,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:根据1958-2010年冬季黄海渔业资源底拖网调查获得的细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)生物学数据,对4个不同年代间黄海细纹狮子鱼的空间分布、相对资源密度、生长特征和繁殖特性等特征的年际变化进行了分析。结果表明:细纹狮子鱼在黄海北部主要分布在辽东半岛一侧50 m等深线附近,在黄海中南部1958-1959年集中分布在黄海中部,1985年其分布范围明显扩大,1993-1994年和1999年其分布区域发生北移,高产区集中在36°N以北,2005年重新扩散至整个黄海中南部,2010年主要分布在石岛东南部(35.5-36.5°N,123.5-124.5°E)和江苏南部外海(33.5-34.5°N,123-124°E)的两个区域。出现频率以1985年最高,达87.5%,相对资源密度以1993-1994年最大,为15.5 kg/h。近10年相对资源密度与海表温度呈极显著负相关(P < 0.01),出现频率和海表温度呈负相关关系(P=0.051)。1985年、1999-2001年、2005年和2010年平均体长分别为35.1、33.9、33.8 cm和32.3 cm,呈逐渐减小的趋势。除1985年外,雄性平均体长均显著大于雌性(P < 0.05)。各年份性比均与1:1无显著差异,但各体长组间差异较为明显。伴随着Ⅲ期所占的比例逐渐上升(6.7%-71.8%),细纹狮子鱼性成熟比例(Ⅳ期及以上)逐渐降低(51.1%-23.9%)。 Abstract:The snailfish, Liparis tanakae, is a cold-water, demersal fish that has become one of the top predators in the Yellow Sea ecosystem because of a decline in the abundance of the commercially targeted species in recent years. We evaluated the interannual variation in relative stock density, distribution, biological and reproductive characteristics of snailfish based on fishery data collected by bottom trawl during winter (1958-2010) in the Yellow Sea. In the northern Yellow Sea, the snailfish was primarily distributed around the Liaodong Peninsula near the 50 m isotherm. In other regions of the Yellow Sea, the species was primarily distributed in the central Yellow Sea in 1959, but had expanded its distribution by 1985. Relative to surveys in 1958-1959 and 1985, the distribution of snailfish moved northward by the 1990s from 34°N to 36°N. In 2005, the species was found in all areas of the Yellow sea and in 2010, it was primarily distributed southeast of Shidao (35.5-36.5°N,123.5-124.5°E) and off southern Jiangsu province. The relative stock density of snailfish was low in the late 1950s (1.1-4.1 kg/h), then increased in the 1980s and 1990s, peaking at 15.5 kg/h in 1993-1994. The density then decreased to 3.8 kg/h in the late 1990s and has recovered only slightly in the last 10 years. We observed a similar trend in occurrence frequency. In the late 1950s, snailfish only accounted for 12.0%-26.5% of the occurrence frequency. However, it peaked at 87.5% in the 1980s. In other years, the occurrence frequency was relatively large (45.8%-77.3%), though most notably in the "cold" years such as 1985, 2005 and 2010. We observed a significant negative correlation between relative stock density and sea surface temperature in the ten most recent years suggesting that this cold-water species responded rapidly to the changing temperature. Similarly, we observed a negative but insignificant correlation between the occurrence frequency and sea surface temperature. The average body length of snailfish was 35.1 cm in 1985, 33.9 cm in 1999-2001, 33.8 cm in 2005 and 32.3 cm in 2010, suggesting a tendency towards miniaturization. The average body length of male individuals was significantly larger than for female individuals in all survey years (except 1985). The b value for males in 1985, 2005 and 2010 were significantly less than 3, consistent with intensely negative-allometric growth of the population whereas the remaining b values were not significantly different. We evaluated the sex ratios(♀:♂)within five length groups(<20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, >50 cm). There was no significant difference in the sex ratio during the survey years. However, the ratio did differ within body length groups. Within <20 cm group, all fish were female in 1985 and 2010 and male in 2000-2001 and 2005. In the 20-30 cm group, there was no difference in the ratio during four decades, although in 2005, the catch was dominated by female snailfish. In the 30-40 cm group, there was no difference in all survey years. In the 40-50 cm group, males dominated the catch in 2005 whereas the ratio was equal in all other years. Finally, the catch of >50 cm fish consisted exclusively of males in all survey years. In 1985, 2000-2001, 2005 and 2010, the proportion of sexually mature fish (at stage IV or beyond stage IV)were 51.1, 53.8, 41.8 and 23.9%, respectively, while for those at stage III the proportions were 6.7, 38.5, 48.7 and 71.8%, respectively. Changes in biological characteristics may be the result of overfishing. In addition, a shrift in feeding habits may also have played an important role as the dominant prey categories of snailfish have changed significantly. In summary, the lack of interspecific competition, rapid growth and varied diet likely explain the variation in abundance of snailfish in the Yellow Sea ecosystem. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献