Abstract
Coastal forests in large areas of the Tohoku and Kanto districts of Japan were destroyed by the tsunami after the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011. A non-linear long wave model that includes the breaking and washout condition of trees and houses estimates the capacity of a coastal forest with 590m in width to reduce the moment of fluid force behind forest and the washout region of houses by around 110m. On the other hand, even the washed out sea embankment has been found to contribute for reducing the washout region of houses by 1520m. Washed out houses applied additional drag force on downstream houses, however it also reduces the washout region by 510m because of the resistance to tsunami current even after the houses were broken and floated.
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