轮耕对关中一年两熟区土壤物理性状和冬小麦根系生长的影响

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 轮耕对关中一年两熟区土壤物理性状和冬小麦根系生长的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201404140716 作者: 作者单位: 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,西北农林科技大学资源环境学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 陕西省农业厅项目(k332021312);陕西省科研推广项目(413020211203533) Effects of rotational tillage on soil physical properties and winter wheat root growth on annual double cropping area Author: Affiliation: College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling,College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling,College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling,College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling,College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling,College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:针对关中地区土壤连续单一耕作存在的主要问题,进行了土壤轮耕效应研究.2009年至2012年在关中一年两熟区采用连续4a旋耕(RT)、翻耕-免耕-翻耕-免耕(PNT)和深松-免耕-深松-免耕(SNT)3种耕作处理,对土壤容重、紧实度及小麦根系生长进行了研究.结果表明,与试验前相比,夏玉米收获后(2013年10月)两种轮耕处理显著(P < 0.05)降低了0-10、10-20 cm土壤容重,旋耕处理在0-10 cm处差异不显著,而10-20 cm土壤容重显著增大;与旋耕处理相比,两种轮耕处理0-10、10-20 cm土壤容重在第4季冬小麦整个生育期内变异系数较小,土壤紧实度较低,且改善效果在冬小麦生育中后期10-20 cm土层体现更为显著;旋耕处理0-10、10-20 cm土壤紧实度与含水量均呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.89、-0.85,两种轮耕处理相关性不显著;0-40 cm土层根重密度和根系活力表现为:两种轮耕处理>连年旋耕.可见,长期旋耕后进行轮耕(免耕与翻耕、深松)有利于改善土壤物理状况,促进作物根系生长. Abstract:Rotary tillage is a very common practice in the Guanzhong area. However, many problems occur for winter wheat fields with long-term rotary tillage, including poor soil water vapor transmission and low soil fertility, which are not favorable to winter wheat growth. To solve these problems, a 4-year field experiment was carried out from 2009 to 2012 in Yangling, Shaanxi Province of China, which is an annual double cropping area. The experiment compared three tillage patterns: RT (rotary tillage for 4 years), PNT (a deep plowing followed by a non-tillage year alternation) and SNT (a subsoiling year followed by a non-tillage year alternation). This study evaluated the impacts of the three tillage patterns on soil bulk density, soil compaction across the 0-40 cm soil profile, and winter wheat root growth. Results showed that after the summer maize harvest (October, 2013), the soil bulk density under the SNT and PNT treatments significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at 0-10 and 10-20 cm compared with the previous treatment, but the soil bulk density significantly increased under the RT treatment at 10-20 cm, with no significant difference at 0-10 cm. The dynamic changes of soil bulk density at 0-10 and 10-20 cm at different times were a measure of the ability of the soil to maintain structural stability. During the whole growth period of the fourth season winter wheat, the variation coefficient of soil bulk density under the SNT and PNT treatments at 0-10 and 10-20 cm was lower than that under the RT treatment. The soil compaction under the SNT and PNT treatments at 0-10 and 10-20 cm was also lower than that under the RT treatment. The improved efficiency of the SNT and PNT treatments on soil physics was more evident at 10-20 cm during the late growth period of winter wheat. There was a significant negative correlation between the soil compaction and soil water content under the RT treatment at 0-10 and 10-20 cm, with correlation coefficients of -0.89 and -0.85, respectively, but there was no significant correlation at these depths between the SNT and PNT treatments. This indicated that the soil structure in the RT treatment was more sensitive to the change in environment than in the SNT and PNT treatments. Soil aggregates were decomposed into smaller aggregates and particles during the frequent tillage, and this would be the main factor causing the reduced porosity and poor soil structure performance. The SNT and PNT treatments were more effective in increasing root weight density and root vigor of winter wheat in the 0-40 cm soil layer than the RT treatment. The results suggested that the effects of the SNT and PNT treatments on soil physical properties and root development were better than those of the RT treatment. After long-term rotary tillage, deep plowing and subsoiling alternated with non-tillage can improve soil physical properties and increase crop yield. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献