Abstract
Submesoscale (SMS) turbulence in the Kuroshio extension region is examined with a high-resolution oceanic downscaling model. The two-particle dispersion statistics demonstrates that SMS eddies result in the relative dispersion R2 asymptotically proportional to t3 and the significantly enhanced Lagrangian relative diffusivity. Surface cooling and down-front wind precondition for the symmetric instability by reducing Ertel PV, leading to seasonality of emergence of SMS eddies. The front is characterized by a tilted thermocline with subduction of dense surface water on the northern side maintained by Ekman buoyancy flux. Ageostrophic secondary circulations are prominent about 1-2 degrees off the Kuroshio axis where SMS eddies are most active.
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