陇东黄土高原石油开采对土壤线虫群落的影响

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 陇东黄土高原石油开采对土壤线虫群落的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201406131230 作者: 作者单位: 中国环境科学研究院,中国环境科学研究院,中国环境科学研究院,中国环境科学研究院,中国环境科学研究院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2013-YSKY-16);国家科技支撑项目(2008BAC43B01) Impacts of oil exploration on soil nematode communities in the Loess Plateau of East Gansu Province, China Author: Affiliation: Nanjing Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment，Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment，Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment，Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment，Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为研究陇东黄土高原石油开采对土壤线虫影响的强度与范围,选择长庆油田不同开采年限(1、10a和20a)油井共6口,按照距井基不同距离(3、6、10、20m和50m)采集土壤样品90个,共鉴定出土壤线虫22科43属;其中,食细菌线虫26属、食真菌线虫2属、植物寄生线虫9属、杂食/捕食线虫6属,优势类群为小杆属Rhabditis和孔咽属Aporcelaimus。土壤线虫生活史策略以c-p 2类群占优势,不同距离采样点,土壤线虫c-p 2和c-p 5差异极显著(P < 0.01)。随着距井基距离增加(3、6、10、20m和50m)线虫总数显著增加;其中,植食类、捕食杂食类和食真菌类线虫数量增加显著,且线虫群落多样性指数(H')显著增加(P < 0.05)。但不同距离之间优势度指数(λ),均匀度指数(J)和瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)差异不显著。不同开采年限油井,以10a土壤线虫群落多样性指数(H')、成熟度指数(MI)和瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)最低,而1a油井和20a油井较高,且与10a油井差异显著(P < 0.05)。油井作业改变周围土壤性质,导致土壤含水率降低、总石油烃(TPH)含量增高,但土壤线虫分布与土壤TPH无明显相关。研究结果表明,油田开采影响土壤线虫的组成与群落结构,但影响范围一般局限在作业区范围,指数H'和MI能较好的指示油田开采对线虫群落的影响。 Abstract:Pollution generated during the processes of oil drilling and extraction is caused primarily by crude oil leaks, drilling mud, wastewater from washing equipment, and flushing of wells. After contamination by petroleum, the physical and chemical properties of soil may change and the community structure and species diversity of soil animals may be altered. This study aimed to evaluate whether oil exploitation affects soil nematode communities and the range of such effects. Six oil wells(38°00' 35.2" to 38°01' 29.9" N and 118°37' 21.4" to 118°39' 43.8" E)in the Loess Plateau of East Gansu Province, with different exploitation periods (1,10, and 20 a), were selected for study. Triplicate soil samples were collected at distances of 3, 6, 10, 20, and 50m from wellheads and in three directions from the well bases. Soil nematodes were identified to the genus level.There were a total of 43 genera in 22 families, including 26 genera of bacterivores, nine genera of herbivores, two genera of fungivores, and six genera of omnivore-predator nematodes. Dominant groups belonged to Rhabditis and Aporcelaimus, with 15.2% and 10.0% of total nematodes, respectively. Common groups (17 genera), accounted for 68.7% of all nematodes, whereas rare groups (15 genera), accounted for only 6.1% of the total.The largest colonizer-persister (c-p) proportion of nematodes belonged to the c-p 2 guild with 48.2% of total nematodes.The smallest c-p proportion was c-p 4, with 2.2% of the total.The proportion of c-p 2 and c-p 5 nematodes changed significantly with sample distance from the wellheads(P < 0.01).The minimum nematode abundance occurred at 3 m ((23.5±7.1)ind/100 cm3) from a wellhead.The minimum nematode abundance was greatest ((122.7±15.5) ind/100 cm3)outside of the work area (50m).Nematode abundance was significantly higher at 50m than within the oilfield operations area (3 m,6 m,10m,20m). The most abundant feeding type was bacterivores, followed by herbivores.The number of herbivores,fungivores, and omnivores-predators increased significantly with increase in the distance from the wellheads (3m, 6m, 10m, 20m and 50m).The Shannon-Wiener index (H') of soil nematodes was also significantly higher at 50m than within the operation areas (P < 0.05).However, the differences in Simpson index (λ), Evenness index (J), and Wasilewska index(WI)of soil nematodes between distances was not significant in operation and non-operation areas.The H',Maturity index(MI)and WI indices were significantly different between 1, 10, and 20 a oil wells (P <0.05).The wells with 10 a of exploitation showed the lowest H', MI, and WI for the soil nematode community, compared to oil wells used for 1 or 20 years. Oil exploitation reduced soil moisture and increased total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content. However, no significant correlation was found between the distribution of soil nematodes and soil moisture or TPH. The results showed that oil exploration did affect the composition and community structure of soil nematodes, but the effect range was limited to wellsite operationsin the range of about 20m around the well bases.The Shannon-Wiener index and MI was useful for evaluating the effect of oil exploration on the soil nematode community. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献