夏季の成人の温冷感と快不快感に関する試行実験

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The purpose of this study is to infer an acceptable range of thermal comfort for Japanese people during summer season with a view to the energy conservation in buildings. From September to October, 1984 six college-age Japanese males were exposed for 2.5 hours under seven different conditions in the Waseda University environmental test chamber so as to determine the effects of humidity on thermal and comfort sensations. The results analyzed from the 42 experiments in total are discribed. Fig. 1 shows plan and section of the test chamber. The volume of the test chamber is 19.2 m^3 and floor area is 8.5 m^2. Ceiling and right side wall panels have 5 cm thick air spaces behind the panels. Table 1 shows design specification of the chamber to attain hot and humid summer conditions. Room air temperature can be varied between 20℃ and 39℃ and absolute humidity between 8 g/kg and 27 g/kg. Maximum air change rate is about 100 h^<-1>. The scheme of the air conditioning system is shown in Fig. 2. Table 3 shows the test conditions and the deviation from the set point temperatures and humidities which were measured during actual experiments. Subjects wore almost the same clothings and the mean clo value was 0.45. The mean radiant temperature was equal to the air temperature and air velocity in the occupied zone around 0.25 m/s. Subjects were sitting on the chairs against the air movement direction. Antropometric data for the subjects are listed in Table 2. Fig.3 shows the experimental plan. At the beginning of the test (1) weight, (2) body temperature at armpit, (3) heart beat, blood pressure, (4) skin blood flow were measured. Every five minutes skin temperatures, room air temperature, humidity and room surface temperatures were measured. Remeasuring the above four items at the end of the test, thermal sensation and comfort sensation were asked to be answered as shown in Table 4. Modified temperature (MT) defined as the air temperature of 50 %rh, 0.1 m/s mean air velocity, 0.6 clo, 1.0 met and mean radiant temerature equaled to the air temperature, which would provide the same thermal sensation as under the actual thermal condition was used for data analyses. MT was calculated by Fanger's comfort equation. Fig. 5 shows experimental results of thermal sensation vote. There is no significant difference between 60 %rh and 80 %rh at the air temperature of 25℃. The difference of about 0.7 in thermal sensation vote was found between 40 %rh and 80 %rh at the air temperature of 28℃ and also about 0. 7 difference between 40 %rh and 60 %rh at 31℃. It was found that higher the temperature greater the difference in thermal sensation vote. This is considered to be caused by difference in humidity. In Table 5 the calculated regression equation for the estimated mean thermal sensation vote by Waseda collegeage Japanese male subjects is given as a function of modified temperature. The results with American collegeage male subjects and Danish college-age male subjects are also shown for comparison. Correlation coefficient between modified temperature and thermal sensation for all observations (n=42) was 0.807 and that for the mean of six subjects was 0.968. It was found that thermal sensation has a good relation to the modified temperature. The temperature corresponding to the neutral mean vote can be determined by substituting Y=4 (neutral) into each regression equation. The calculated results for different groups are given in Table 6. Fig. 6 shows the mean thermal sensation vote versus modified temperature for Waseda college-age Japanese male subjects, Danish college-age male subjects and American college-age male subjects. The regression line for Waseda subjects is found very similar to the one for Americans. The mean themal sensation vote versus ET for Waseda college-age Japanese male subjects is shown in Fig. 7. Correlation coefficient between ET and thermal sensation vote for the mean