莱州湾鱼类群落优势种生态位

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 莱州湾鱼类群落优势种生态位 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201408281711 作者: 作者单位: 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院,山东省海洋资源与环境研究院,山东省海洋资源与环境研究院,烟台市水产研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S931.1 基金项目: 山东省渔业资源增殖效果评价（SD-XGPJ-2012-2）；山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金（BS2012HZ030） Ecological niche of dominant species of fish assemblages in Laizhou Bay, China Author: Affiliation: Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology,Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology,Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology,Yantai Fisheries Research Institute Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:根据2011年5月、8月、10月和12月莱州湾底拖网调查资料，对该海域鱼类群落优势种的生态位进行了研究。结果表明，全年调查共捕获鱼类49种，各季节优势种种类数分别为春季3种，夏季5种，秋季3种，冬季4种。夏、冬季优势种的丛生指数较低，春、秋季较高；冬、春季优势种的平均拥挤度较低，夏、秋季较高。基于欧氏距离的优势种丰度聚类结果同优势度排序结果吻合。主成分分析（PCA）表明，青鳞小沙丁鱼（Sardinella zunasi）和赤鼻棱鳀（Thryssa kammalensis）分别是影响第一轴和第二轴的主要种类。绯鱼衔（Callionymus beniteguri）、鲬（Platycephalus indicus）、髭缟虾虎鱼（Tridentiger barbatus）和短吻红舌鳎（Cynoglossus joyneri）是时空二维生态位宽度最高的种类（>2）。时空生态位显著重叠（>0.6）的种类有7组，其中银姑鱼（Pennahia argentata）和皮氏叫姑鱼（Johnius belengerii）重叠值最高（0.798）。δ13C值变幅（CR）最大的种类为斑鱼祭（Konosirus punctatus），δ15N值变幅（NR）最大的种类为青鳞小沙丁鱼；青鳞小沙丁鱼和鱼祭生态位总面积超过20，皮氏叫姑鱼生态位总面积最小（1.38）且与其他优势种营养生态位重叠较高。等级聚类、排序、PCA和优势种排序结果较一致，而与时空生态位宽度分析结果差异较大，表明莱州湾鱼类群落结构受洄游鱼类的影响较大。时空生态位宽度较高的种类主要为集群特征不明显的周年定居种（绯鱼衔、鲬、短吻红舌鳎等底层鱼类），而季节洄游种（青鳞小沙丁鱼、鱼祭、赤鼻棱鳀等中上层鱼类）因时间生态位宽度较低导致时空生态位宽度较低。时空生态位和营养生态位分析表明，生态位重叠导致的资源利用性竞争并不是导致莱州湾鱼类群落结构现状的决定性因素，而更多可能是人为干扰形成的。 Abstract:Laizhou Bay, an estuary of the Yellow River, is one of the three most important bays of the Bohai Sea, China. It is characterized by a high level of primary productivity and is one of the most important spawning and feeding grounds for most fish species in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. After decades of overfishing, the dominant species of the fish assemblage have been altered. Ecological niche describes how an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources. Therefore, studies on ecological niches are extremely important to clarify the ecological dynamics of different species and the mechanism of interspecific coexistence and competition, as they are a fundamental tool for the conservation and assessment of fish stocks, as well as for the analysis of the ecosystem as a whole. Data were obtained from a bottom trawl survey conducted in Laizhou Bay (119°05'-120°00'E, 37°12'-37°40'N) in 2011. The most dominant species that contributed to 97.2% of biomass and 98.4% of abundance were used for the hierarchical cluster analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), principal component analysis (PCA), and spatio-temporal niche analysis. Tissue samples were collected from the 12 most dominant species recorded in the trawl-survey catches. δ13C and δ15N stable-isotope analyses were performed to assess the trophic niche. A total of 49 fishes were collected. The assemblage density of dominant species was low in the summer and winter and high in the spring and autumn. The mean crowding of the dominant species was low in the spring and winter, and high in the summer and autumn. The results of the hierarchical cluster analysis based on the Euclidean distance showed a similarity with the results of the ecological dominance analysis. The PCA showed that Sardinella zunasi was one of the species that mostly affected the first axis, and Thryssa kammalensis mostly affected the second axis. Callionymus beniteguri had the highest value of tempo-spatial niche width, followed by Platycephalus indicus, Tridentiger barbatus, and Cynoglossus joyneri. Significant overlap of spatio-temporal niche occurred between the seven groups:Pennahia argentata vs. Setipinna taty (0.798), S. taty vs. Johnius belangerii (0.793), C. joyneri vs. J. belangerii (0.771), Chaeturichthys stigmatias vs. J. belangerii (0.770), Konosirus punctatus vs. Scomberomorus niphonius (0.763), and K. punctatus vs. C. joyneri (0.625). Konosirus punctatus had the highest δ13C range (CR=9.2), and J. belangerii had the highest δ15N range (NR=7.1). The total area (TA) of the trophic niche of S. zunasi and K. punctatus were the highest, both being larger than 20. Johnius belangerii had the lowest TA (1.38); however, it had a significant overlap with other species, such as C. stigmatias, C. joyneri, and P. argentata. The results showed a similar trend with cluster analysis, NMDS, and PCA; however, the trend was different with the tempo-spatial niche analysis. The non-migration species, which lives throughout year in the bay, with lower assemblage densities had a higher value of spatio-temporal niche width. The seasonal migratory species had a lower tempo-spatial niche width because of the low temporal niche width. The high spatio-temporal niche overlap between the most dominant species found in this study also reflected a high degree of homogeneity of fish assemblies in the Laizhou Bay. Competition owing to niche overlap was not the decisive factor that formed the community structure of nekton in the Laizhou Bay. The community structures might be most affected by anthropogenic activities. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献