Myricetin loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles induces apoptosis in the HT-29 colorectal cancer cells via mitochondrial dysfunction.

Abstract

Among the flavonoids, Myricetin (MCN) has negligible side effects and anti-cancer properties. However, the therapeutic potential of MCN has been limited mainly by its low bioavailability. Nanocarriers improve the bioavailability and stability of flavonoids. The toxic effects of MCN loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (MCN-SLNs) on the HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells were investigated in this study. HT-29 cells were exposed to the 30µmol MCN or MCN-SLNs for 24h. Colony formation, cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of the Bax, Bcl-2, and AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor) have been investigated. Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) andreactive oxygen species(ROS) generation were also measured. The MCN-SLNs with appropriate characteristics and a slow sustained MCN release until 48h made. MCN-SLNs could diminish colony numbers and survival of the HT-29 cells. The apoptosis index of MCN-SLNs-treated cells significantly increased compared to the free MCN (p < 0.001). The expression of Bax and AIF were elevated (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) while Bcl-2 expression was decreased in MCN-SLNs treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, MCN-SLNs significantly enhanced the ROS formation and reduced MMP compared to the free MCN-treated cells (p < 0.01). The SLN formulation of MCN can effectively induce colon cancer cell death by raising ROS formation and activating the apoptosis process.