Myopic Macular Retinoschisis in Teenagers: Clinical Characteristics and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Findings.

Chuan-Bin Sun,Pei-Qing Chen,An-Quan Xue,Zhe Liu,Yong-Sheng You,Ke Yao,Lin-Yan Zheng

doi:10.1038/srep27952

Abstract

To investigate the morphological characteristics of myopic macular retinoschisis (MRS) in teenagers with high myopia, six male (9 eyes) and 3 female (4 eyes) teenagers with typical MRS identified from chart review were evaluated. All cases underwent complete ophthalmic examinations including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), indirect ophthalmoscopy, colour fundus photography, B-type ultrasonography, axial length measurement, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The average age was 17.8 ± 1.5 years, average refractive error was −17.04 ± 3.04D, average BCVA was 0.43 ± 0.61, and average axial length was 30.42 ± 1.71 mm. Myopic macular degenerative changes (MDC) by colour fundus photographs revealed Ohno-Matsui Category 1 in 4 eyes, and Category 2 in 9 eyes. Posterior staphyloma was found in 9 eyes. SD-OCT showed outer MRS in all 13 eyes, internal limiting membrane detachment in 7 eyes, vascular microfolds in 2 eyes, and inner MRS in 1 eye. No premacular structures such as macular epiretinal membrane or partially detached posterior hyaloids were found. Our results showed that MRS rarely occurred in highly myopic teenagers, and was not accompanied by premacular structures, severe MDC, or even obvious posterior staphyloma. This finding indicates that posterior scleral expansion is probably the main cause of MRS.

Highlights

Macular retinoschisis is one of the severe complications of high myopia which could lead to severe visual loss[1,2,3,4,5]
Of the 2365 highly myopic patients retrospectively reviewed in this study, 228 cases (9.6%) were determined as macular retinoschisis (MRS) based on their typical appearance in SD-optical coherence tomography (OCT), of whom 9 cases (0.38%) were teenagers
MRS has not been reported in teenagers, and little is known about its clinical and morphological characteristics compared with MRS in older adult patients

Summary

Introduction

Macular retinoschisis is one of the severe complications of high myopia which could lead to severe visual loss[1,2,3,4,5]. Most MRS was reported in older patients over 50, no report showed it occurred in teenager patients[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

Methods

Results

Conclusion