Abstract
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, numerous studies have been attempting to determine biomarkers, which could rapidly and efficiently predict COVID-19 severity, however there is lack of consensus on a specific one. This retrospective cohort study is a comprehensive analysis of the initial symptoms, comorbidities and laboratory evaluation of patients, diagnosed with COVID-19 in Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, from 4th February to 12th March, 2020. Based on the data collected from 63 severely ill patients from the onset of symptoms till the full recovery or demise, we found not only age (average 70) but also blood indicators as significant risk factors associated with multiple organ failure. The blood indices of all patients showed hepatic, renal, cardiac and hematopoietic dysfunction with imbalanced coagulatory biomarkers. We noticed that the levels of LDH (85%, P < .001), HBDH (76%, P < .001) and CRP (65%, P < .001) were significantly elevated in deceased patients, indicating hepatic impairment. Similarly, increased CK (15%, P = .002), Cre (37%, P = 0.102) and CysC (74%, P = 0.384) indicated renal damage. Cardiac injury was obvious from the significantly elevated level of Myoglobin (52%, P < .01), Troponin-I (65%, P = 0.273) and BNP (50%, P = .787). SARS-CoV-2 disturbs the hemolymphatic system as WBC# (73%, P = .002) and NEUT# (78%, P < .001) were significantly elevated in deceased patients. Likewise, the level of D-dimer (80%, P < .171), PT (87%, P = .031) and TT (57%, P = .053) was elevated, indicating coagulatory imbalances. We identified myoglobin and CRP as specific risk factors related to mortality and highly correlated to organ failure in COVID-19 disease.
Highlights
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, numerous studies have been attempting to determine biomarkers, which could rapidly and efficiently predict COVID-19 severity, there is lack of consensus on a specific one
The hematological (lymphocyte c ount[11,12], neutrophil c ount[13], neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR))[14,15], inflammatory (C-reactive protein (CRP))[16], immunological (interleukin (IL)-6)[17] and biochemical (D-dimer[18], troponin, creatine kinase (CK)[19] biomarkers, as well as procalcitonin (PCT)[16,20], erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)[21], aspartate aminotransferase (AST))[22], and those related to coagulation cascades in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)[23] and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)[24] have been reported to be important biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease
Fever and fatigue commonly occur in the early stages of COVID-19, ARDS, acute respiratory failure, multi-organ failure, and sepsis are quickly developed in some p atients[27]
Summary
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, numerous studies have been attempting to determine biomarkers, which could rapidly and efficiently predict COVID-19 severity, there is lack of consensus on a specific one. This retrospective cohort study is a comprehensive analysis of the initial symptoms, comorbidities and laboratory evaluation of patients, diagnosed with COVID-19 in Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, from 4th February to 12th March, 2020. Statistical regression models are usually aimed at assessing the effect of clinical parameters, inferring the relation among the predictors thereby getting an insight into the population These models can efficiently predict the prognosis of a disease in its early stages which can be compared for the accuracy[8,9]. Prognosis of COVID-19 patients may aid in their specialized medical care reducing mortality
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
