Abstract
In 1957, Skou (73) demonstrated in crab nerves the presence of an ATPase activated by the simultaneous presence of Na+ and K+. Skou wrote: Char acteristics of the system suggest that the ATPase studied here may be involved in the active extrusion of sodium from the nerve fiber. Subse quently Post et al (64) suggested that a single entity performs both the transport and the hydrolase functions. Recently, using liposomes in which the purified enzyme has been incorporated, this ATPase has been shown to mediate the active transport of Na+ and K+ across membranes with the concomitant hydrolysis of ATP (see 12, 70, 77). It is now well-established that Na,K-ATPase is the sodium pump (70). Na,K-ATPase and the sodium pump are the subjects of several recent reviews (33, 70, 77, 80). The present review focuses on topics not dealt with in these reviews and is limited to recent papers. The following abbreviations are used in the text: Na,K-ATPase (Na+ and K+ activated, Mg2+-depend ent adenosine triphosphatase); [ ]e and [ ]i (extracellular and intracellular concentration, respectively, of the substance shown in the bracket).
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