Abstract
Mycotoxins contamination is one of the most important problems worldwide in maize that can cause serious threat for human and animal health. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of Fusarium species associated with maize ear rot to produce diverse mycotoxins. The results showed, One out of three isolates of F. subglutinans produced detectable level of Beauvericin (BEA); the only isolate of F. temperatum produced 302 µg/g of BEA. Two out of five isolates of F. redolens produced enniatin B1and four isolates of this species produced high levels of BEA. As well, 21 isolates of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) and one isolates of F. brachygibbosum were evaluated for production of trichothecens (T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON)), zearalenone (ZEN), enniatins (ENN A, A1, B and B1) and BEA by HPLC. Production of trichothecens, ZEN and BEA with one, three and four isolates of FIESC, respectively were observed and one isolate of F. brachygibbosum only produced detectable level of DAS and ENN B1. Analyzing of moniliformin production of F. proliferatum (26 isolates), FIESC (21 isolates) and F.thapsinum (10 isolates) showed none of them produce this toxin. These results revealed the ability of Fusarium spp. from maize to produce a varied range of mycotoxins which are harmful to human and animal’s health. Therefore, the occurrence of such broad number of different species on Iranian maize could be reason of great concern because of the toxigenic risk associated to these species.
Highlights
Mycotoxins have significant influence in food and feed safety
Due to the importance of quality and quantity of maize as a significant source in human and animal nutrition, we evaluated the Fusarium mycotoxin production in the maizeproducing areas in Iran
F. temperatum was reported from maize in several studies; but formerly, there was no report of occurrence of it on Iranian maize
Summary
Mycotoxins have significant influence in food and feed safety. Challenges in mycotoxin and toxigenic fungi research are still enormous, due to the frequency. Fumonisins (FBs), Zearalenone (ZEN) and trichothecenes (Type A: T-2 and HT-2 toxins and Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS); type B: Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Nivalenol (NIV)) are the most important classes of mycotoxins that are produced by Fusarium species. Fumonisins have been related to several animal and human diseases such as esophageal cancer (EC), as reported in several countries worldwide [7]. Trichothecenes is other important group of Fusarium toxins related to several livestock diseases. Since maize is an important cereal crop in Iran and worldwide, its quality and safety is of major concern. Evidence about mycotoxin profiles of Fusarium species as an important pathogen of this crop can help us in the development of strategies to reduction of mycotoxin production and prediction the presence of them in maize. This work is aimed to assess the mycotoxin production of Fusarium isolates from Iranian maize
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