Mycoplasma Contamination of Cell Cultures

Abstract

Abstract The contamination of cell cultures by mycoplasmas remains one of the major problems encountered in biological research and biotechnology using cultured cells. Mycoplasmas can produce extensive changes and growth arrest in cultures they infect; the possible sequelae of contamination are legion. These organisms are resistant to many of the antibiotics that are in common use in cell cultures. This problem has become more widely appreciated since the introduction of sensitive, rapid, and efficient methods for the detection of cell culture mycoplasmas. This article attempts to provide a concise review of the current knowledge on (1) the main characteristics and the taxonomy of mycoplasmas; (2) the incidence and sources of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures, the mycoplasma species most commonly detected in cell cultures, and the effects of mycoplasmas on the function and activities of infected cell cultures; (3) the various techniques available for the detection of mycoplasmas with particular emphasis on the most reliable detection methods; (4) the various methods available for the elimination of mycoplasmas highlighting antibiotic treatment; and (5) the recommended procedures and working protocols for the detection, elimination, and prevention of mycoplasma contamination. The availability of accurate, sensitive, and reliable detection methods and the application of robust and successful elimination methods provide a means for overcoming the insidious threat posed by mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures.