Abstract
IntroductionCervical lymphadenitis is the most common nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in immunocompetent children, mainly in those under 5years. For many years Mycobacterium lentiflavum (M. lentiflavum) has been considered a rare NTM causing lymphadenitis. MethodsA restrospective study was performed in pediatric patients with microbiologically confirmed NTM cervical lympahdenitis at the Niño Jesús Hospital in Madrid during 2009-2016. ResultsDuring the period studied, 28 cases of cervical lymphadenitis were recorded. In 23 (82.14%) and in 5 (17,85%) cases, M. lentiflavum and Mycobacterium avium were isolated, respectively. In those patients infected with M. lentiflavum, the most frequent location was sub-maxilar (43.47%); 15 (65.21%) were boys, global median age was 30,8 months and all cases showed a satisfactory evolution. ConclusionWe propose that M. lentiflavum should be considered an important emergent pathogen cause of cervical lymphadenitis in the pediatric population.
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