Abstract
IntroductionCervical lymphadenitis is the most common nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in immunocompetent children, mainly in those under 5 years. For many years Mycobacterium lentiflavum (M. lentiflavum) has been considered a rare NTM causing lymphadenitis. MethodsA restrospective study was performed in pediatric patients with microbiologically confirmed NTM cervical lymphadenitis at the Niño Jesús Hospital in Madrid during 2009–2016. ResultsDuring the period studied, 28 cases of cervical lymphadenitis were recorded. In 23 (82.14%) and in 5 (17.85%) cases, M. lentiflavum and Mycobacterium avium were isolated, respectively. In those patients infected with M. lentiflavum, the most frequent location was sub-maxilar (43.47%); 15 (65.21%) were boys, global median age was 30.8 months and all cases showed a satisfactory evolution. ConclusionWe propose that M. lentiflavum should be considered an important emergent pathogen cause of cervical lymphadenitis in the pediatric population.
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