Abstract
To describe the different characteristics of mycetoma in the endemic area of Argentina and its etiological agents, using mainly data from Santiago del Estero and Salta provinces. Argentina is not considered an important endemic area, but it possesses a large documented casuistry and many non-published cases of patients. Santiago del Estero presents the greatest quantity of mycetoma cases of the country, mainly by Actinomadura madurae. The First Argentinian Mycetoma Reunion took place in 2016, which was the starting point to train medics and healthcare professionals of the province, which are the first to enter into contact with the patient. The described endemic area has very diverse climatic and ecologic characteristics. This has direct impact in the causal agents of mycetoma. Actinomycotic mycetomas by Nocardia spp. abounds in the zones with greater rain regime and sugar cane cultivation, while in arid or semi-arid zones with low rain regime, A. madurae and fungal mycetomas predominate.
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