Mutant Status of the P-53 Gene in Relation with microRNA, as an Unfavorable Marker in Breast Cancer, a Systematic Review

Abstract

Breast cancer affects more than one million patients annually in the world and is a leading cause of mortality. Histological type, grade, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and estrogen receptor and HER-2 receptor status, all influence prognosis and the probability of response to systemic therapies. <strong>Purpose:</strong> Aim of this work was to emphasize possible links between alterations of the P-53 gene, together with its protein, in the pathological features of breast cancer, resistant to a conventional therapy. <strong>Method: </strong>New genetic technologies were investigated to promote a stronger anti-oncogene response, using both RNA-based p53 vaccines and the likelihood of response to specific oncological therapies. <strong>Results:</strong> Studies have shown that mutant P-53 gene had a strongly unfavorable prognostic factor for relapse-free survival and overall survival only in a triple-negative group in patients treated with adjuvant anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. The adjuvanted vaccine induced the type T1 cells helper response in most patients. However, the response has not yet been shown to be strong enough to be beneficial as monotherapy and most patients have had T-helper cells that have failed to produce effective cytokines to kill cancer cells. The results of these studies justified attempts to discover and apply the new vaccines to cancer patients using p53-derived peptides. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Conditions of the mutant P-53 gene or deletion of 17p chromosome were an unfavorable prognostic factor for the survival of patients, treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, in the groups with triple-negative forms of BC.