P-53 Gene As Marker in Breast Cancer

Abstract

Purpose: Aim of this current review is to emphasis a possible links between alterations of P-53 gene together with its protein in pathological features of breast cancer. Design: The study examines the gene-expression patterns of breast cancer suggested that at least four major molecular classes of breast cancer exist: luminal-like, basal-like, normal like, and HER-2 positive. Basal-like breast cancer account for 15% of breast cancers and are often described as triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). In fact, TNBCs, defined by lack of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2, probably include both basal-like breast cancers and some poorly differentiated luminal breast cancers. They are also associated with a younger age and a poor prognosis. TNBCs also have an increased frequency of TP53 mutations. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a clinical diagnosis known as the T4d category in the TNM classification. It is a distinct clinical subtype of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), with a particularly aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Results: TP53 mutations are more frequent in inflammatory breast cancer (50%) than in non-inflammatory breast cancer (20-30%). Histological type, grade, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and estrogen receptor and HER-2 receptor status, all influence prognosis and the probability of response to systemic therapies. P53 gene is mutated in about 30% of breast cancers. Conclusion: Recently studies shown that mutant P-53 gene status was a strongly unfavorable prognostic factor for relapse-free survival and overall survival only in a triple negative group in patients treated with adjuvant anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. The results from these studies served as the justification for attempts to vaccinate patients using p53-derived peptides, and a number of clinical trials are in progress.