Abstract
1. Challenges of the subject and the sources 2. Historiographical hurdles 3. Fragmented geographical and logistical realities 4. Christian contexts in seventh-century North Africa 5. The military heritage of Heraclius on the eve of Muslim military operations 6. The shock of Sbeitla 7. Options for offensives and resistance 8. The riddle of Constans II 9. Muslim interests, calculations, and leadership 10. The shift to tribal resistance 11. The fall of Carthage and its aftermath 12. The failures of two cities of Constantine.
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