Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Aging leads to decline in multiple organ systems associated to hormone alterations and loss of muscle mass and strength. Objective: To evaluate the effects of land and water resistance training on muscle strength, basal serum levels of GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in elderly women. Methods: Subjects were distributed in three groups: land resistance training (LRT; n=10; age: 66.10±2.77 years), water resistance training (WRT; n=10; age: 67.10±3.54 years) and control (CG; n=10; age: 68.80±5.41 years). Muscle strength was assessed with the 1-RM test in bench press (BP) and leg press (LP) exercises. Serum levels of GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 were analyzed by chemiluminescence. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA showed elevated muscle strength in the BP only in LRT (D%=60.2%; p=0.0001) when compared to the CG (D%=46.73%, p=0.0001) and WRT (D%=32.49%, p=0.004). LRT and WRT increased muscle strength in LP (D%LRT=57.14%; p=0.004; D%WRT=42.3%; p=0.033). There was an increase in LRT and WRT in the LP when compared to CG (D%=45.59%, p=0.019; D%=43.97%, p=0.026, respectively). IGF-1 was elevated only in LRT (D%=49.72%, p=0.004) from pre- to post-test and when compared to WRT (D%=56.76%, p=0.002) and CG (D%=74.63%, p=0.0001). IGFBP3 levels showed that only WRT increased (D%=26.79%, p=0.044) from pre- to post-test. The IGF-1/IGFBP3 ratio demonstrated that LRT reached intragroup elevation (D%=52.66%, p=0.002) and when compared to WRT (D%=94.11%, p=0.0001) and CG (D%=73.45%, p=0.0001). There was no significant difference in GH. Conclusion: Land resistance training may provide better anabolic effects in elderly women.
Highlights
Aging leads to decline in multiple organ systems associated to hormone alterations and loss of muscle mass and strength
The power of the experiment presented to insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGFBP3, IGF-1/IGFBP3 ratio, Grow hormone (GH), bench press (BP) and leg press (LP) values of 98%, 76%, 99%, 7%, 99% and 99%, respectively, strengthening the magnitude of the results achieved in the analysis of the study
Intergroup comparisons exhibited significant increases for land resistance training (LRT) when compared to the control group (CG) (∆%=45.59%, p=0.019) and for water resistance training (WRT) when compared to the CG (∆%=43.97%, p=0.026)
Summary
Aging leads to decline in multiple organ systems associated to hormone alterations and loss of muscle mass and strength. IGF-1 secretion declines with age as does IGFBP-3 secretion[5] These hormonal alterations may be related to loss of muscle mass and strength[6], making the aged more susceptible to diseases and dependency[7]. Those engaging in physical training may develop skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy as a function of increased IGF-1 production[8] and after mechanical strain in the expression of mechano growth factor (MGF), a member derived of the IGF-12
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