Abstract
Acetylcholine is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter providing depolarization of the membrane and contraction of different smooth muscle cells due to activation of the muscarinic receptors. In our review, we analyze and summarize the published data on the effects of activation of acetylcholine muscarinic receptors on ion channels expressed in smooth muscle cells of different organs and the results of our own studies of this topic. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of depolarizing effects of acetylcholine mediated by activation of non-selective cationic channels. Intracellular mechanisms underlying modulating influences on calcium, potassium, and chloride channels are also analyzed. Physiological roles of activation and regulation of different ion channels and possible interactions within this complicated system are discussed.
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