Abstract
ABSTRACT Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits wheat productivity around the globe. Therefore, a two-year (2019 and 2020) study was conducted in the experimental area of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture & Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan to estimate the association of quantitative attributes under normal and drought stress conditions. Twenty-five wheat genotypes from different research institutes of Pakistan were selected. Experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) under field conditions with three replicates each. Two irrigation treatments were used, i.e., E1 with full irrigation and E2 with irrigation withheld at tillering and anthesis stages according to Zadoks growth stage scale. Significant differences were observed in studied wheat genotypes under both conditions for all the traits. Correlation analysis revealed highest positive association (r = 0.924**) between grain yield and flag leaf area followed by thousand grain weight (r = 0.754**) under normal conditions while biological yield was highly correlated with grain yield (r = 0.890**) under drought stress. PCA showed that out of the 12 PCs, only four were significant having eigenvalues >1; accounting for 83.33% and 79.12% of the total variation under normal and drought stress conditions, respectively. Furthermore cluster heat map divided the genotypes into four clusters and revealed that the most tolerant genotypes (Barani-17, Chakwal-50 and Johar-2016) were fallen into cluster 2 depicting their genetic relatedness. Based on tolerance indices, genotypes G11 (Barani-17), G12 (Ehsan-16), and G13 (Dharabi-11) were drought tolerant and G4 (Benazir-13), G20 (Punjab-2011) were drought-sensitive.
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