Abstract
In this study, were multivariate analysis of the waters of the Arienga and Murucupí rivers located near an area of intense industrial activity in the Barcarena City, Pará State, Brazil. Were analyzed the variables temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, DO, BOD, ammoniacal-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, phosphate, sulfate and total hardness in four sampling campaigns in the year 2011. This amazon rivers presented physicochemical characteristics well heterogeneous, but similar behaviors for the variables pH, temperature and DO in the extensions evaluated, that is, increase in the source-mouth direction, with variations from 4.77 to 7.33 and 5.51 to 7.3, 25 to 31°C and 27 to 32°C and from 4.4 to 7.98 mg.L-1 and 1.17 to 6.55 mg.L-1 for the Arienga and Murucupi rivers respectively. In addition to these characteristics, the Arienga River also presented an increase for ammoniacal-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N and hardness in the dry period, with variations from 0.014 to 6.336 mg.L-1, 0.005 to 0.334 mg.L-1, 0.009 to 4.818 mg.L-1 and 1.146 to 14.389 mg.L-1 respectively. In general, Murucupí River presented different physicochemical characteristics that are coherent with the local scenario, where the launch domestic effluents and the environmental impacts caused by industrial waste are visible and recurrent respectively.
Highlights
The quality of surface water depends on many factors, and may undergo hydroclimatic influences such as natural weathering and environmental changes caused by anthropic actions[1]
The electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids (TDS) determined in the rivers Arienga and Murucupí indicated a difference in its characteristics physicochemical, with values ranging from 4 to 49 μS.cm-1 and 25 to 122 μS.cm-1 e from 2 to 26 mg.L-1 and 12 to 57 mg.L-1 respectively, the mean electrical conductivity and TDS in the Arienga river were 21 to 25 μS.cm-1 and 11 to 13 mg.L-1 and Murucupi River from 38 to 83 μS.cm-1 and 19 to 38 mg.L-1
The variables studied in these water bodies have their concentrations with well-defined trends in relation to rainfall and variation in physicochemical characteristics in the extensions evaluated, either by the action of natural or anthropogenic agents
Summary
The quality of surface water depends on many factors, and may undergo hydroclimatic influences such as natural weathering and environmental changes caused by anthropic actions[1]. Household and industrial effluents generated from human activities may contain hazardous chemicals that can cause major impacts on aquatic ecosystems. These substances can last a long time in the environment and have the ability to percolate in the soil and reach the lower layers of the subterranean aquifers, for this reason, soil geochemistry has a great influence on water pollution/contamination 13. The local economy has a traditional base in agriculture, and advances with tourism beyond industrial activities, generating economic growth[18] The presence of these industries causes the rivers to become targets of recorrent environmental accidents, for example, the spillage of red mud in the springs of the Murucupí river in April 2009, a product from the beneficiation of bauxite that caused great environmental damages and to the local population[19]
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