Multivariant statistical analysis of PCDD/FS in sewage sludges from different areas of the Valencian Community (Spain)

Abstract

The levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in 31 sewage sludges from different wastewater treatment plants corresponding to rural, urban and industrial areas in the Valencian Community (Spain) were analysed. Values of 5.1-346.2 ng I-TEQ kg(-1) (dry weight) were detected for sewage sludge with the highest value in one sample from an industrial area. Therefore the majority of the samples did not exceed the limit proposed (100 ng I-TEQ kg(-1)) by the [EU, 2000. Working document on sludge, 3rd draft. Brussels. Available from: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/waste/sludge/sludge_en.pdf] for use in agriculture. The dominant congeners for each family of compounds were 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and OCDD from PCDDs, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF and OCDF from PCDFs. The total concentrations of PCDD/Fs were evaluated statistically through SPPS 11.0 for Windows. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract two PCs as a linear combination of the original variables, one of them associated to urban+highly industrial areas and the other one to urban+low industrial areas. The linear regression method was applied and an efficient correlation was obtained between the total I-TEQ values for each sample and two of most abundant congeners (OCDF and OCDD). This expression was obtained with the results of the 31 samples analysed and a variety of data from other authors. Furthermore, several bilateral correlations between the different congeners completed the statistical analysis.