Abstract
Most maritime accidents are caused by human errors or failures. Providing early warning and decision support to the officer on watch (OOW) is one of the primary issues to reduce such errors and failures. In this paper, a quantitative real-time multi-ship collision risk analysis and collision avoidance decision-making model is proposed. Firstly, a multi-ship real-time collision risk analysis system was established under the overall requirements of the International Code for Collision Avoidance at Sea (COLREGs) and good seamanship, based on five collision risk influencing factors. Then, the fuzzy logic method is used to calculate the collision risk and analyze these elements in real time. Finally, decisions on changing course or changing speed are made to avoid collision. The results of collision avoidance decisions made at different collision risk thresholds are compared in a series of simulations. The results reflect that the multi-ship collision avoidance decision problem can be well-resolved using the proposed multi-ship collision risk evaluation method. In particular, the model can also make correct decisions when the collision risk thresholds of ships in the same scenario are different. The model can provide a good collision risk warning and decision support for the OOW in real-time mode.
Highlights
Shipping has been one of the dominant modes of global trade, which accounts for more than 90% of international cargo trade [1]
A distributed multi-ship collision avoidance decision-making on the premise of satisfying the COLREGs and good shipman ship is studied, which focuses on comparing the collision-avoidance decisions made by each ship choosing the same and different collision risk thresholds from its own perspective
The model can provide a potential way to harmonize collision avoidance decision-making for the officer on watch (OOW) in dealing with multi-ship encounter situations
Summary
Shipping has been one of the dominant modes of global trade, which accounts for more than 90% of international cargo trade [1]. Ozoga et al [48] proposed a multi-objective ARPA system that provided the OOWS with a few of the operational information about navigational safety when the ship encounters other ships These deterministic algorithms are based on a multi-vessel perspective and plan the voyage path in a collaborative manner to prevent collisions. A real-time collision risk analysis and multi-ship collision avoidance decision support model are studied in this paper. In this model, we mainly consider the actual operational habits of the OOW to provide objective support. The real-time CRI can be calculated as the basis of the ship’s collision risk assessment and intelligent collision avoidance, providing the OOW with good auxiliary decision-making and an early warning function.
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