Abstract
As a significant contributor of plastic waste to the marine environment, Indonesia is striving to construct a national strategy for reducing plastic debris. Hence, the primary aim of this study is to create a model for plastic waste quantity originating from the mainland, accumulated in estuaries. This was achieved by compiling baseline data of marine plastic disposal from the mainland via comprehensive contextualisation of data generated by remote sensing technology and spatial analysis. The parameters used in this study cover plastic waste generation, land cover, population distribution, and human activity identification. These parameters were then used to generate the plastic waste disposal index; that is, the distribution of waste from the mainland, flowing through the river, and ultimately accumulating in the estuary. The plastic waste distribution is calculated based on the weighting method and overlap analysis between land and coastal areas. The results indicate that 0.6% of Indonesia, including metropolitan cities, account for the highest generation of plastic waste. Indicating of plastic releases to the ocean applied by of developing three different scenarios with the highest estimation 11.94 tonnes on a daily basis in an urban area, intended as the baseline study for setting priority zone for plastic waste management.
Highlights
The map of plastic waste generation data per regency can be observed in Figure 4, which developed from the previous study to creating an approaching model of plastic waste generation data [50]
The results show that the total amount of plastic waste per regency was between 1.18 to 954 tonnes/day for one administrative regency and city area in Indonesian territory; this indicates that every regency and city in Indonesia has plastic waste generation that varies depending on the profile in the area
Tasikmalaya Regency has a high population of 1,035,411 people (2018) with a plastic waste generation of 420.92 tonnes/day, compared to Bekasi City with a population of 3,003,920 people (2018) and plastic waste generation of 410.45 tonnes/day; this was due to the influence of high economic activity in the area, which resulted in the high demand for plastic
Summary
Due to their durability, plastic materials are widely used across the world to simplify the lives of humans [1]. Based on managing material flow, plastic waste is categorised from the production and ends up in mismanagement as it discharges to the environment [2]. In the context of mismanaged plastic waste, plastic’s massive production, which was initially expected to provide significant benefits, has become a severe threat to the biosphere. A study by Gall and Thompson [3] reports that untreated plastic waste is threatening nearly 700 species of marine life in the past two decades, a number that is predicted to continue increasing with the continued discharge of plastic waste into the ocean
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