Abstract

Abstract. Arctic sea ice drift motion affects the global material balance, energy exchange and climate change and seriously affects the navigational safety of ships along certain channels. Due to the Arctic's special geographical location and harsh natural conditions, observations and broad understanding of the Arctic sea ice motion are very limited. In this study, sea ice motion data released by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) were used to analyze the climatological, spatial and temporal characteristics of the Arctic sea ice drift from 1979 to 2018 and to understand the multiscale variation characteristics of the three major Arctic sea ice drift patterns. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis method was used to extract the three main sea ice drift patterns, which are the anticyclonic sea ice drift circulation pattern on the scale of the Arctic basin, the average sea ice transport pattern from the Arctic Ocean to the Fram Strait, and the transport pattern moving ice between the Kara Sea (KS) and the northern coast of Alaska. By using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method, each temporal coefficient series extracted by the EOF method was decomposed into multiple timescale sequences. We found that the three major drift patterns have four significant interannual variation periods of approximately 1, 2, 4 and 8 years. Furthermore, the second pattern has a significant interdecadal variation characteristic with a period of approximately 19 years, while the other two patterns have no significant interdecadal variation characteristics. Combined with the atmospheric and oceanic geophysical variables, the results of the correlation analysis show that the first EOF sea ice drift pattern is mainly related to atmospheric environmental factors, the second pattern is related to the joint action of atmospheric and oceanic factors, and the third pattern is mainly related to oceanic factors. Our study suggests that the ocean environment also has a strong correlation with sea ice movement. Especially for some sea ice transport patterns, the correlation even exceeds atmospheric forcing.

Highlights

  • The Arctic Ocean, located in the northernmost Arctic region of the Earth, is a semi-closed ocean basin almost completely surrounded by Eurasia and North America

  • The results show the difference in the magnitude and direction of the sea ice drift between winter and summer

  • In order to allow the sea ice motion dataset better continuity in spatial and temporal distribution, we found that the data from November to April had a relatively high coverage rate in each month in the whole period from 1979 to 2018

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Summary

Introduction

The Arctic Ocean, located in the northernmost Arctic region of the Earth, is a semi-closed ocean basin almost completely surrounded by Eurasia and North America. It is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year and almost completely covered in winter. In the 30 years since satellite observations began, the summer sea ice coverage of the Arctic Ocean has shown a significant declining trend (Screen et al, 2011; Guarino et al, 2020). Increases in the area of open water due to reduced Arctic sea ice have changed the heat flux exchange, water vapor flux, momentum and solar radiation between the ocean and atmosphere (Howell et al, 2018; Boutin et al, 2020).

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