Abstract
Simultaneous high-resolution and wide-swath (HRWS) remote sensing imaging is of great importance in future microwave remote sensing, but it is limited by the minimum antenna area constraint. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) offers new opportunities due to its increased degrees of freedom and system flexibility. We investigate four elevation MIMO SAR antenna arrangements, namely narrow-beam transmission narrow-beam reception, narrow-beam transmission wide-beam reception, wide-beam transmission narrow-beam reception, and wide-beam transmission wide-beam reception (WTWR) in HRWS remote sensing. Their signal models, system gains and range ambiguity-to-signal ratio performances are comparatively investigated. Three waveforms that have a large time-bandwidth product and constant modulus are designed for the MIMO SAR system and the impacts of their mutual interferences due to imperfect waveform orthogonality are also simulated. Simulation results show that MIMO SAR is superior to conventional single-antenna SAR and existing multichannel SAR techniques in wide-swath remote sensing.
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