Abstract
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a promising technology in radar imaging which provides a better balance of azimuth resolution and swath width compared with traditional single-input single-output (SISO) SAR. It has the potential to help scientists and engineers to design ambitious SAR system with higher resolution and wider swath. This paper studies the principle of MIMO SAR using orthogonal coding waveform and then provides the performance analysis in resolution and swath width. By using orthogonal coding waveform, lower channel interference is obtained, which makes MIMO SAR achieve wider unambiguous range swath and lower azimuth ambiguity. Simulations are carried out by means of the system parameters of real spaceborne SAR platform. A ground-based MIMO SAR imaging system with up and down chirp modulation is also designed. The performances of MIMO SAR and SISO SAR are compared, and the validity and advantage of MIMO SAR are verified.
Highlights
As an active microwave remote sensing imaging tool, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the unique capability of obtaining abundant electromagnetic information from ground objects throughout the day and night and in all weather conditions
For SAR system parameters design, the selection of pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is restricted by the trade-off of swath width and azimuth resolution
In our simulation, when the same azimuth resolution is kept as 2.2 m, Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) SAR has 180 km swath width which is three times wider than that of single-input single-output (SISO) SAR
Summary
As an active microwave remote sensing imaging tool, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the unique capability of obtaining abundant electromagnetic information from ground objects throughout the day and night and in all weather conditions. As such, it has been widely used in military reconnaissance, mapping, resource exploration, environmental protection, disaster emergency and management, and so forth. MIMO SAR transmits and receives signals via multiple antennas in azimuth and/or range at the same time. MIMO SAR system increases the number of effective phased centers, acquires more scene information, and has the ability to obtain high resolution and wide swath. From different channels in receivers, transmitted waveforms and signal processing methods have to be carefully designed
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