Abstract
Observations of the ionospheric electron density were made during winter nighttime using a NDT-VLF wave receiver and a DC probe onboard the S-310-21 rocket. We have examined the variation of wave intensity with altitude and the standing wave characteristics, and have derived the absolute electron density from the latter. It is found that there were layers of high electron density in the ionospheric E-region at 89 km, 102 km, and 111 km. The vertical width and the enhancement factor of these layers were of the order of 1-3 km and 390-530%, respectively, and the maximum electron densities of these layers were lower than 1.1 × 104 cm-3, which is below observable levels by ionosondes. This finding of multiple sporadic E (Es) layers is important for the studies of wave coupling between free space and the magnetosphere, long-distance propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, and the formation of the Es layer.
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