Multiple pulse electron beam converter design for high power radiography

Abstract

The typical response of the x-ray converter material to the passage of a high-powered relativistic electron beam is vaporization and rapid dispersal. The effect of this dispersal on subsequent pulses for multi-pulse radiography is the collective effects on the propagation of the electron beam through the expanding plasma and the reduced number of electron to photon interactions. Thus, for the dual-axis radiographic hydrodynamic test facility, the converter material must either be replaced or confined long enough to accommodate the entire pulse train. Typically the 1-mm-thick high Z and full density converter material is chosen to give peak dose and minimum radiographic spot. For repeated pulses we propose a modified converter, constructed of either low density, high Z material in the form of foam or of foils spaced over ten times the axial thickness of the standard 1 mm converter. The converter material is confined within a tube to impede outward motion in radius outside the beam interaction region. We report single-pulse experiments which measure the dose and spot size produced by the modified converter and compare them to similar measurements made by the standard converter. For multiple pulses over a microsecond time scale, we calculate the radial and axial hydrodynamic flow to study the material reflux into the converter volume and the resultant density decrease as the electron beam energy is deposited. Both the electron transport through the expanding low density plasma and beam in the higher density material are modeled. The x-ray source dose and spot size are calculated to evaluate the impact of the changing converter material density distribution on the radiographic spot size and dose. The results indicate that a multiple-pulse converter design for three or four high-power beam pulses is feasible.