Abstract
Due to high demand but limited supply, there has been an increase in the need to replace autologous bone grafts with alternatives that fulfill osteogenic requirements. In this study, two different types of bone grafts were tested for their drug carrying abilities along with their osteogenic properties. Two different types of alendronate-loaded bone grafts, Bio-Oss (bovine bone graft) and InRoad (biphasic synthetic bone graft) were observed to see how different concentrations of alendronate would affect the sustained release to enhance osteogenesis. In this study, defected ovariectomize-induced osteoporotic rat calvarias were observed for 28 days with three different concentrations of alendronate (0 mg, 1 mg, 5 mg) for both Bio-Oss and InRoad. A higher concentration (5 mg) allowed for a more controlled and sustained release throughout the 28-day comparison to those of lower concentrations (0 mg, 1 mg). When comparing Bio-Oss and InRoad through histology and Micro-CT, InRoad showed higher enhancement in osteogenesis. Through this study, it was observed that alendronate not only brings out robust osteogenesis with InRoad bone grafts, but also enhances bone regeneration in an alendronate-concentration-dependent manner. The combination of higher concentration of alendronate and multiple porous bone graft containing internal micro-channel structure of InRoad resulted in higher osteogenesis with a sustained release of alendronate.
Highlights
Performed in over two million patients worldwide, the bone grafting procedure is the second most prevalent tissue transplantation [1]
Autologous bone grafts are the preferred method over other procedures because it contains important properties—osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis, etc.—to ensure a successful bone transplantation [2]
Synthetic bone grafts can qualify as drug carriers that can supply to the site of transplantation
Summary
Performed in over two million patients worldwide, the bone grafting procedure is the second most prevalent tissue transplantation [1]. Autologous bone grafts are the preferred method over other procedures because it contains important properties—osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis, etc.—to ensure a successful bone transplantation [2]. Complications such as inferior healing and limited supply compared to the high demand of autologous bone grafts require different alternatives that would suffice osteogenic properties mentioned above [3,4,5]. Synthetic bone grafts can qualify as drug carriers that can supply to the site of transplantation This drug delivery system would bypass the need for cells to be locally seeded in order to increase tissue repair and regeneration [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Many other studies focused on bone regeneration utilizing induced osteoporotic animal models were performed in subcritical size defects [12,13,14]
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