Abstract
Peroxisomes are unique among the organelles of the endomembrane system. Unlike other organelles that derive most if not all of their proteins from the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), peroxisomes contain dedicated machineries for import of matrix proteins and insertion of membrane proteins. However, peroxisomes are also able to import a subset of their membrane proteins from the ER. One aspect of peroxisome biology that has remained ill defined is the role the various import pathways play in peroxisome maintenance. In this review, we discuss the available data on matrix and membrane protein import into peroxisomes.
Highlights
Peroxisomes are organelles found in almost all eukaryotic cells
As is the case for other targeting and translocation systems, peroxisomal matrix proteins contain specific targeting signals that are recognized by receptors that deliver them to the membrane translocation site
Our understanding of peroxisome biology has been much advanced, there remain several huge gaps in our knowledge and in some unexplained observations. One such gap is the mechanism by which matrix proteins and membrane proteins are translocated across/into the peroxisomal membrane
Summary
Peroxisomes are organelles found in almost all eukaryotic cells. They are bounded by a single membrane and are usually spherical. The current model for direct posttranslational targeting of PMPs to peroxisomes proposes that Pex acts as a soluble recycling receptor/chaperone that picks up newly synthesized PMPs in the cytosol and subsequently docks on Pex in the peroxisomal membrane (Fig. 2a–c) [113,138,139]. In line with this model, Pex binds to newly.
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