Abstract
The multiple modulations of strain- and charge-mediated converse magnetoelectric coupling effects have been achieved in a multiferroic heterostructure of SrTiO3(STO)/Fe3O4/Au/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3(PZT) multilayers grown on a Nb:SrTiO3 substrate. By altering the position of the applied electric field, the heterostructure is divided into three structure parts, i.e., Fe3O4/Au/PZT, STO/Fe3O4, and STO/Fe3O4/Au/PZT. In such an optimized heterostructure, the strain and charge effects can be directly separated, quantified, and co-regulated and the pure strain, pure charge, and the combined strain and charge effects can thus be obtained, respectively. The in-plane magnetization variation behaviors induced by electric fields are different for the three individual modulations, which are closely related to the interfacial strain propagation and interfacial charge accumulation. It is also found that the strain and charge effects can interact with each other as the two interfacial effects coexist.
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