Multiple ionization effects on L X-ray intensity ratios in Hf, Ta, Re, Ir, Pt, Au and Pb due to proton bombardment at energies 1-5 MeV

Abstract

The L X-ray intensity ratios in the elements Hf, Ta, Re, Ir, Pt, Au and Pb due to proton bombardment at energies from 1 to 5 MeV are measured and compared with the ECPSSR theoretical intensity ratios. The L\(_{\alpha}\)/L l intensity ratios obtained in the present work are in good agreement with theoretical values while the L\(_{\beta}\)/L\(_{\gamma}\) and L\(_{\alpha}\)/L\(_{\beta}\) intensity ratios are consistently lower than the theoretical values. This deviation may be explained in terms of multiple ionization effects in M, N and O shells.