Abstract
Abstract Background A variety of comorbidities are frequently observed and represent a major problem in the management of patients with heart failure. Frailty is a strong predictor of poor clinical outcome in patients with heart failure, which may be partially attributable to the presence of multiple comorbidities. However, it remains to be clarified whether frailty is prognostically useful in relation to multiple comorbidities in patients with acute decompensated heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (ADHF-HFpEF). Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between frailty, multiple comorbidities and prognosis in patients with ADHF-HFpEF. Methods We prospectively studied 1028 patients with ADHF-HFpEF. Frailty was assessed using Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Multiple comorbidities were defined as the presence of 4 or more factors from the following 11 groups: diabetes, obesity, lung disease, anemia, renal dysfunction, electrolyte disorder, dyslipidemia, depression, hypertension, stroke and cancer. The primary outcome of this study was the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and rehospitalization for worsening heart failure. Results During a mean follow-up period of 1.6±1.3 years, 454 patients underwent primary outcome. CFS (p<0.001) and the number of comorbidities (p=0.006) were significantly independently associated with primary outcome after multivariate adjustment. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with multiple comorbidities had significantly higher risk for primary outcome than those without multiple comorbidities in the group with non-frailty (defined as CFS of 1 or 2, p=0.019) and mild frailty (CFS of 3 or 4, p=0.036). However, there was no significant difference in the group with moderate or greater frailty (CFS of 5 or more) in patients with ADHF-HFpEF. Conclusion(s) Multiple comorbidities would be associated with poor prognosis in patients with ADHF-HFpEF and non-frailty or mild frailty but not in patients with moderate or greater frailty.Multiple comorbidities and MACE risk
Published Version
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