Multiple cancer treatment advances with CAR-NK

Abstract

In the 21st century, cancer therapy has entered the era of combination therapy. The elucidation of immune system mechanism and the further development of cell culture technology pave the way for the application of immunotherapy in cancer clinical treatment. Chimeric antigen receptor technology is to form a chimeric antigen receptor by splicing the antigen binding region scFv with the intracellular part of CD3ζ chain or Fcεriγ. At present, it has developed into the fourth generation of promoters that can selectively label and encode CARs amplification and suicide. In the course of years of research on CAR-T therapy, it has proved that NK cells with CAR modified have better efficacy in solid tumors and hematological tumors, with fewer side effects and stronger targeting. In recent years, CAR-modified NK cells have become a new approach to cancer in immunology. In this technology, the selection of tumor-related target proteins is very important for the therapeutic effect. Nevertheless, with the in-depth analyse of its related intrinsic machinery, the influence of microenvironment on it and the source of amplification, some issues remain to be further discussed. This article mainly summarizes the recent progress of pre-clinical and clinical trials on CAR-NK. Preclinical trials were mainly Ovarian Cancer, Glioblastoma GBM and Breast Cancer. The CAR selection and construction method of each trial were described in detail. The clinical trials section discusses several advanced trials, such as those on PD-L1 CAR-NK and NKX019, and summarizes several ongoing trials. This article reviews the progress of CAR-NK technology in recent years, aiming to summarize the advancement of CAR-NK cell, provide reference for further improving the specificity, cytotoxicity and efficacy of this method, and provide ideas for the expansion and crossover of related fields.