Abstract
Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) routing protocols have been attracting a considerable attention of both research and industrial communities, due to their significant role in intelligent transportation system applications. The present paper adopts an optimized integrated multicast, multicriteria, adaptive route lifetime as a routing protocol for VANETs. Whereby only an optimal subset of neighbor vehicles is chosen to relay route request (RREQ) messages based on distance, direction, speed, and future direction information in a combined sender-receiver manner. Among those selected optimal paths for route discovery, the best route with lowest cost will be chosen for forwarding data packets for a specified duration assigned depending on the obtained cost and number of intermediate vehicles of that route. Fuzzy controllers were employed to assess routes’ costs and their lifetimes. Furthermore, artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm was used to concurrently optimize all used fuzzy systems and obtain the optimal highest rank of links’ cost values within which the neighbors could be selected as relay nodes in route discovery process. Simulation results prove that the proposed routing scheme significantly improves the network performance in both urban and highway scenarios, under different situations of vehicle density.
Highlights
IntroductionThe vehicular networks [1, 2] are a promising technology that enables smart vehicles to exchange wireless messages among themselves, in order to achieve more convenient and safer transportation system
The vehicular networks [1, 2] are a promising technology that enables smart vehicles to exchange wireless messages among themselves, in order to achieve more convenient and safer transportation system. These messages may include information about traffic flow condition, adaptive trip assistance, warnings and alarms, and parking or gas station availability, as well as infotainment applications. These numerous Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) applications substantially rely on VANET routing protocols [3, 4], which are originated from preceding wireless mobile ad hoc network (MANET) algorithms but have been extensively reformed to cope with VANET characteristics and requirements
Li et al [5] propose an adaptive QoS routing by using terminal intersections and an ant colony algorithm to search the optimal route based on connectivity probability, packet delivery ratio, and delay
Summary
The vehicular networks [1, 2] are a promising technology that enables smart vehicles to exchange wireless messages among themselves, in order to achieve more convenient and safer transportation system. Few works attend the third mentioned dilemma of routing in VANET environment [10, 14]; they mainly depend on mathematical models that take into account only two factors This proposed protocol incorporates the principles of fuzzy systems to improve the decision-making processes of ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol for vehicular network environment by evaluating the link cost of every neighbor in a combined sender-receiver fashion, taking the information of distance and direction into account at sender, in addition to considering speed and future direction information at receiver.
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