Routing Protocols for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Aided Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey

Rezoan Ahmed Nazib,Sangman Moh

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2989790

Rezoan Ahmed Nazib, Sangman Moh

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2989790

Copy DOI

Journal: IEEE Access	Publication Date: Jan 1, 2020
Citations: 141	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Chosun University

Abstract

In intelligent transportation systems, a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has a significant impact in enhancing road safety, traffic management efficiency, and in-vehicle infotainment features. Routing in a VANET is hampered by frequent link disconnection for non-line-of-sight communication due to roadside obstacles, high mobility, and frequent topological changes. With the help of three-dimensional movement capability, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can drastically improve the routing experience of a VANET, by increasing the line-of-sight probability, better connectivity, and efficient store-carry-forward mechanism. As a result, various routing protocols with different objectives have been reported for UAV-aided VANETs. Several surveys have been conducted based on different routing protocols for VANETs so far. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no survey exists till now that dedicatedly covers routing protocols for UAV-aided VANETs. This survey paper presents a comprehensive review on state-of-the-art routing protocols for UAV-aided VANETs. The protocols are categorized into seven groups in terms of their working mechanism and design principles. The shortcomings of the protocols are identified individually by critically analyzing them with regard to their advantages, disadvantages, application areas, and future improvements. The routing protocols are qualitatively compared with each other in tabular format as well on the basis of various design aspects and system parameters. In particular, not only performance and special features but also optimization criteria and techniques are extensively discussed in addition to the tabular comparison. Furthermore, open research issues and challenges are summarized and discussed.

Highlights

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a type of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in which mobile vehicles can communicate with each other via wireless links [1]
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY In this article, we extensively investigate the routing protocols designed for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided VANETs to address key features and characteristics
The following paragraphs show the key achievements of this work, the contribution of this paper to the academics and practices, and some recommendations for future works

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a type of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in which mobile vehicles can communicate with each other via wireless links [1]. To achieve the full benefits from UAV-aided VANETs architecture, several important issues related to routing protocol must be addressed [12]. This article summarizes the existing routing solutions in UAV-aided VANETs, which will work as a starting point for new researchers and engineers in this field. A. CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY In this article, we extensively investigate the routing protocols designed for UAV-aided VANETs to address key features and characteristics. The taxonomy of the routing protocols for UAV-aided VANETs is given Section III.

PRELIMINARIES

COMPARISON OF THE ROUTING PROTOCOLS

OPEN RESEARCH ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

LOW LATENCY

CONCLUSION