Abstract
Minimizing the aerodynamic drag and the lift of the train coach remains a key issue for high-speed trains. With the development of computing technology and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the engineering field, CFD has been successfully applied to the design process of high-speed trains. However, developing a new streamlined shape for high-speed trains with excellent aerodynamic performance requires huge computational costs. Furthermore, relationships between multiple design variables and the aerodynamic loads are seldom obtained. In the present study, the Kriging surrogate model is used to perform a multi-objective optimization of the streamlined shape of high-speed trains, where the drag and the lift of the train coach are the optimization objectives. To improve the prediction accuracy of the Kriging model, the cross-validation method is used to construct the optimal Kriging model. The optimization results show that the two objectives are efficiently optimized, indicating that the optimization strategy used in the present study can greatly improve the optimization efficiency and meet the engineering requirements.
Highlights
The development of high-speed train technology indicates the level of high-tech development of a country
Because this study mainly focuses on the optimization of the aerodynamic drag of the train, the lift of the train coach is considered acceptable if the amplitude is no greater than that for the original shape
To reduce the computational times of the flow field and to improve the optimization efficiency, the construction method of the Kriging surrogate model is improved in this study
Summary
The development of high-speed train technology indicates the level of high-tech development of a country. High-speed trains in China run very close to the ground or along the track at an actual operating speed of approximately 300 km/h, with a draw ratio that is much larger than the ratios of other means of transportation. At high-speed operation, the trains experience more complex aerodynamic characteristics [1,2,3,4]. The aerodynamic drag and lift greatly affect the economy and comfort of running trains. The research and development of high-speed trains has shown that streamlined head shapes are critical for the aerodynamic performance of trains. Streamlined design, especially the streamlined head shape design, of highspeed trains remains an important issue in high-speed train research. The optimum shapes can greatly improve the aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains. The aerodynamic drag, the lift, the lateral wind safety performance, the train crossing performance, the aerodynamic performance when passing through tunnels, the aerodynamic noise, and other factors
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