Multimodal Retinal Imaging in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 Maculopathy

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate and report the multimodal ocular imaging findings associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA 1) associated maculopathy. Methods: A full ophthalmologic assessment was completed in a 70-year-old male with confirmed SCA1 and noted progressive bilateral vision loss. Investigations included dilated fundus examination, full-field electroretinography, and swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results: On neurologic and ophthalmologic examination, he was found to have hypermetric saccades, horizontal nystagmus, and reduced color vision bilaterally. His best-corrected visual acuity was confirmed to be 20/80 OD and 20/100 OS at the time of consultation. Initial fundus photography was most notable for bilateral hypopigmentation of the fovea. Corresponding OCT imaging demonstrated an attenuation of the ellipsoid zone, in keeping with photoreceptor loss. Conclusion: The ocular imaging results suggest that the vision loss in the presented case occurred in the context of pigmentary macular dystrophy secondary to photoreceptor dysfunction and retinal pigment epithelial degeneration. This association offers an explanation with respect to the progressive vision loss, but further analyses would be required to determine the temporal correlation of clinical symptoms with imaging abnormalities. These findings suggest that SCA1 be considered as a potential cause for vision impairment, with possible benefits of visual assessment at the time of diagnosis.