Multilevel analysis of factors affecting international student adjustment and success: A conceptual framework

Abstract

In an increasingly interconnected world, the success of international students in higher education institutions has garnered significant attention. This concept paper presents a multilevel perspective framework aimed at comprehensively analyzing the myriad factors influencing international student success. By focusing on adjustment, acculturation, language barriers, and motivation, this proposal aims to elucidate mechanisms that could enhance the international student experience. The framework acknowledges the complexity of international student success, recognizing that it is influenced by factors operating at various levels, including individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal levels. Understanding and addressing these factors holistically is crucial for devising effective strategies to support international students throughout their academic journey. Drawing upon existing studies and research findings, this concept paper aims to provide insights into the dynamics of international student success. Adjustment, as a crucial aspect, encompasses the process through which international students navigate the challenges of adapting to a new academic, social, and cultural environment. Acculturation further explores how individuals negotiate their identities within the host culture while maintaining aspects of their own cultural heritage. Language barriers represent a significant obstacle for many international students, affecting their academic performance, social integration, and overall well-being. Addressing language-related challenges requires tailored support mechanisms and interventions that facilitate language acquisition and proficiency. Moreover, motivation plays a pivotal role in shaping international student experiences and outcomes. Understanding the diverse motivational factors driving international students can inform the design of interventions aimed at fostering engagement, persistence, and academic success. By proposing a comprehensive framework that integrates these key dimensions, this concept paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on international student success. It underscores the importance of adopting a holistic approach that considers the interplay of various factors and levels of influence. Ultimately, enhancing the international student experience requires concerted efforts from educational institutions, policymakers, and other stakeholders to create an inclusive and supportive environment conducive to academic achievement and personal growth.