Abstract
The magic of multilayer structures — comprised of a regular repeating pattern of alternating layers that vary in thickness from less than 1 nm to more than several micrometers — is present today in nearly every facet of materials science.A technological gamut of issues has been approached through the use of multilayer structures. Material systems have been routinely investigated, ranging from simple binary through complex quaternary and including nearly every element of the periodic table. Applications include thin-film semiconductor devices in the form of strained-layer superlattices; protective coatings for improved surface hardness and wear resistance of conventional alloys (tribology); and reflective and transmissive x-ray optical devices. Multilayer structures have also provided an experimental means to investigate the interdiffusion and stability of alloy phases; the relationship between the presence, lack, or variations of crystallinity with magnetism (and most recently superconductivity); and the role of interfaces in adhesion and elastic/plastic behavior.
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