Abstract
Abstract. The final aim of the present work is to propose a NTHMP-benchmarked numerical tool for landslide-generated tsunami hazard assessment. To achieve this, the novel Multilayer-HySEA model is validated using laboratory experiment data for landslide-generated tsunamis. In particular, this second part of the work deals with granular slides, while the first part, in a companion paper, considers rigid slides. The experimental data used have been proposed by the US National Tsunami Hazard and Mitigation Program (NTHMP) and were established for the NTHMP Landslide Benchmark Workshop, held in January 2017 at Galveston (Texas). Three of the seven benchmark problems proposed in that workshop dealt with tsunamis generated by rigid slides and are collected in the companion paper (Macías et al., 2021). Another three benchmarks considered tsunamis generated by granular slides. They are the subject of the present study. The seventh benchmark problem proposed the field case of Port Valdez, Alaska, 1964 and can be found in Macías et al. (2017). In order to reproduce the laboratory experiments dealing with granular slides, two models need to be coupled: one for the granular slide and a second one for the water dynamics. The coupled model used consists of a new and efficient hybrid finite-volume–finite-difference implementation on GPU architectures of a non-hydrostatic multilayer model coupled with a Savage–Hutter model. To introduce the multilayer model more fluidly, we first present the equations of the one-layer model, Landslide-HySEA, with both strong and weak couplings between the fluid layer and the granular slide. Then, a brief description of the multilayer model equations and the numerical scheme used is included. The dispersive properties of the multilayer model can be found in the companion paper. Then, results for the three NTHMP benchmark problems dealing with tsunamis generated by granular slides are presented with a description of each benchmark problem.
Highlights
Following the introduction of the companion paper Macías et al (2021), a landslide tsunami model benchmarking and validation workshop was held on 9–11 January 2017 in Galveston, TX
This workshop was organized on behalf of the NOAA National Weather Service’s National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) Mapping and Modeling Subcommittee (MMS) with the expected outcome being to (i) develop a set of community-accepted benchmark tests for validating models used for landslide tsunami generation and propagation in National Tsunami Hazard and Mitigation Program (NTHMP) inundation mapping work; (ii) develop workshop documentation and a web-based repository, for benchmark data, model results, and workshop documentation, results, and conclusions; and (iii) provide recommendations as a basis for developing best-practice guidelines for landslide tsunami modeling in NTHMP work
The ultimate goal of the present work is to provide the tsunami community with a numerical tool, tested and validated meeting the defined criteria for the NTHMP, for landslide-generated tsunami hazard assessment. This NTHMP acceptance has already been achieved by the Tsunami-HySEA model for the case of earthquake-generated tsunamis (Macías et al, 2017, 2020a, c)
Summary
Following the introduction of the companion paper Macías et al (2021), a landslide tsunami model benchmarking and validation workshop was held on 9–11 January 2017 in Galveston, TX. The present work aims at showing the numerical results obtained with the Multilayer-HySEA model in the framework of the validation effort described above for the case of granular-slide-generated tsunamis for the complete set of the three benchmark problems proposed by the NTHMP. The ultimate goal of the present work is to provide the tsunami community with a numerical tool, tested and validated meeting the defined criteria for the NTHMP, for landslide-generated tsunami hazard assessment This NTHMP acceptance has already been achieved by the Tsunami-HySEA model for the case of earthquake-generated tsunamis (Macías et al, 2017, 2020a, c). A number of recent laboratory experiments have modeled tsunamis generated by subaerial landslides composed of gravel (Fritz et al, 2004; Ataie-Ashtiani and Najafi-Jilani, 2008; Heller and Hager, 2010; and Mohammed and Fritz, 2012) or glass beads (Viroulet et al, 2014). That is a key reference for readers interested in the benchmarking initiative which the present work is based on
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