Abstract
Traditional cancer therapeutics are limited by factors such as multi-drug resistance and a plethora of adverse effect. These limitations need to be overcome for the progression of cancer treatment. In order to overcome these limitations, multifunctional nanosystems have recently been introduced into the market. The employment of multifunctional nanosystems provide for the enhancement of treatment efficacy and therapeutic effect as well as a decrease in drug toxicity. However, in addition to these effects, magnetic nanowires bring specific advantages over traditional nanoparticles in multifunctional systems in terms of the formulation and application into a therapeutic system. The most significant of which is its larger surface area, larger net magnetic moment compared to nanoparticles, and interaction under a magnetic field. This results in magnetic nanowires producing a greater drug delivery and therapeutic platform with specific regard to magnetic drug targeting, magnetic hyperthermia, and magnetic actuation. This, in turn, increases the potential of magnetic nanowires for decreasing adverse effects and improving patient therapeutic outcomes. This review focuses on the design, fabrication, and future potential of multifunctional magnetic nanowire systems with the emphasis on improving patient chemotherapeutic outcomes.
Highlights
Cancer is amongst the most pernicious diseases known, due to the high mortality and incidence rates reported [1]
Shkurmanov and co-workers studied the growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in order to understand the mechanism in which the nanowires are formed [89]
NWs with aspect ratios greater than three show larger magnetic dipoles when compared same volume spherical nanoparticles [12]. This results in the potential of a more efficient magnetic system to be designed for magnetic drug targeting for cancer therapeutics
Summary
Cancer is amongst the most pernicious diseases known, due to the high mortality and incidence rates reported [1]. Multifunctional nanosystems has been of recent interest in anti-cancer-therapy for the purpose of developing safe, effective, and efficacious drug delivery systems, due to the potential of the disadvantages of traditional of strategies. The most promising multifunctional include the use of magnetic drug targeting, actuation, or hyperthermia in amalgamation with triggered nanosystems include the use of magnetic drug targeting, actuation, or hyperthermia in amalgamation drug strategies as wellstrategies as their combination methods such as magnetic resonance with release triggered drug release as well as with their diagnostic combination with diagnostic methods such as imaging and fluorescence imaging This can lead to a theranostic approach personalizing cancer magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence imaging. This review will focus on design of multifunctional systems of magnetic NW, including the fabrication methods of magnetic NW; strategies and application of magnetic NW-based nanosystems for cancer therapeutics; characterization of the magnetic NW nanosystems including toxicity, cell internalization, drug loading, and release; and critical evaluation of the performance for NW-based multifunctional nanosystems, for improved therapeutic outcomes
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