Abstract
To date, various Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have been prepared for biomedical applications due to their unique structural advantages. However, the safety and effectiveness of tumor treatment still need further exploration. This contribution reports a facile synthesis of PBA with superior tumor synergetic therapeutic effects and a detailed mechanistic evaluation of their intrinsic tumor metastasis inhibition activity. The as-synthesized PBA has a uniform cube structure with a diameter of approximately 220 nm and shows high near-infrared light (NIR) photoreactivity, photothermal conversion efficiency (41.44%), and photodynamic effect. Additionally, PBA could lead to a chemodynamic effect, which is caused by the Fenton reaction and ferroptosis. The combined therapy strategy of PBA exhibits notable tumor ablation properties due to photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) effects without obvious toxicity in vivo. The PBA has also shown potential as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. More importantly, careful investigations reveal that PBA displays excellent biodegradation and anti-metastasis properties. Further exploration of the PBA implies that its underlying mechanism of intrinsic tumor metastasis inhibition activity can be attributed to the modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) expression. The considerable potential exhibited by the as-synthesized PBA makes it an ideal candidate as a synergetic therapeutic agent for tumor treatment.
Highlights
Nanotechnology as a new strategy for cancer diagnosis and treatment has received much attention in biomedical science.[1,2,3] photothermal therapy (PTT), a cancer treatment developed from the application of nanotechnology, is based on the conversion of near infrared light (NIR) radiation to induce hyperthermia and “burn” cancer cells.[4,5,6,7,8,9] Due to its convenient operation, minimal side effects and noninvasivity, PTT has been considered an alternative approach for clinical usage.[10]
Prussian blue analogues (PBA) could lead to chemodynamic effect which caused by Fenton reaction and ferroptosis
Further exploration of this PBA implies that its underlying mechanism of intrinsic tumor metastasis inhibition activity can be attributed to modulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) expression
Summary
Nanotechnology as a new strategy for cancer diagnosis and treatment has received much attention in biomedical science.[1,2,3] PTT, a cancer treatment developed from the application of nanotechnology, is based on the conversion of NIR radiation to induce hyperthermia and “burn” cancer cells.[4,5,6,7,8,9] Due to its convenient operation, minimal side effects and noninvasivity, PTT has been considered an alternative approach for clinical usage.[10] the therapeutic effect is limited by the use of a single treatment at a safe dosage, uneven distribution of photothermal agents and endothermic effect of blood vessels around tumors affect the ablation efficacy.[11] the combined therapy strategies, such as PTT/PDT, PTT/CDT and PDT/CDT have been proposed and achieved good performance. The safety and effectiveness of tumor treatment still need further exploration
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