Abstract
With the advent of diverse electronics, the available energy may be light, thermal, and mechanical energies. Multieffect coupled nanogenerators (NGs) exhibit strong ability to harvest ambient energy by integrating various effects comprising piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, thermoelectricity, optoelectricity, and triboelectricity into a standalone device. Interaction of multitype effects can promote energy harvesting and conversion by modulating charge carriers' behaviour. Multieffect coupled NGs stand for a vital group of energy harvesters, supporting the advances of an electronic device and promoting the resolution of energy crisis. The matchless versatility and high reliability of multieffect coupled NGs make them main candidates for integration in complicated arrays of the electronic device. Multieffect coupled NGs can also be employed as a variety of self-powered sensors due to their rapid response, high accuracy, and high responsivity. This article reviews the latest achievements of multieffect coupled NGs. Fundamentals mainly including basic theory and materials of interest are covered. Advanced device design and output characteristics are introduced. Potential applications are described, and future development is discussed.
Highlights
Scavenging of chemical, light, wind, and thermal energies is a long-term and vibrant topic with the fast growth of electronics as well as the rising requirements for green energies [1,2,3,4]
The matchless versatility, high reliability, and miniaturization of multieffect coupled NGs make them main candidates for integration in the complicated electronic systems [18]
Multieffect coupled NGs are emerging as the coupling of thermoelectricity, pyroelectricity, triboelectricity, optoelectricity, piezoelectricity, semiconductors, and ferroelectrics, which will definitely prove to be one of the most helpful electronics in the coming Internet of Everything (IoE) era because of their matchless versatility, high reliability, and good sustainability
Summary
Scavenging of chemical, light, wind, and thermal energies is a long-term and vibrant topic with the fast growth of electronics as well as the rising requirements for green energies [1,2,3,4]. A variety of NGs have been developed, including thermoelectric NG (ThENG), pyroelectric NG (PyENG), piezoelectric NG (PNG), and triboelectric NG (TENG) [6,7,8,9,10]. Multieffect coupled NGs integrate various mechanisms of electricity generation, including pyroelectric, piezoelectric, triboelectric, photovoltaic, and thermoelectric effects into a single unit, making them possible to harvest whatever energies are available anytime [11,12,13,14]. As important members of energy harvesters, multieffect coupled NGs support the rapid growth of electronics and help address energy crisis issues. With the development of intelligent life, a variety of complicated self-powered electronic device arrays will be utilized everywhere in the future.
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