Abstract
In our previous study, we showed that ellagitannin- and procyanidin-rich tormentil extract (TE) decreased experimental arterial thrombosis in normoglycemic rats through platelet inhibition. TE also slightly increased coagulation and attenuated fibrinolysis; however, these effects did not nullify the antithrombotic effect of TE. The present study aimed to assess whether TE exerts antithrombotic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, which is characterized by pre-existing increased coagulation and impaired fibrinolysis, in vivo and ex vivo thrombosis assays. TE (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg, p. o.) was administered for 14 days to STZ-induced diabetic rats and mice. TE at 100 mg/kg dose decreased the thrombus area in the mice model of laser-induced thrombosis through its potent antiplatelet effect. However, TE at 200 mg/kg dose increased thrombus weight in electrically induced arterial thrombosis in rats. The prothrombotic effect could be due to increased coagulation and attenuated fibrinolysis. TE at 400 mg/kg dose also improved vascular functions, which was mainly reflected as an increase in the arterial blood flow, bleeding time prolongation, and thickening of the arterial wall. However, TE at 400 mg/kg dose did not exert antithrombotic effect. Summarizing, the present results show that TE may exert multidirectional effects on hemostasis in STZ-induced diabetic rats and mice. TE inhibited platelet activity and improved endothelial functions, but it also showed unfavorable effects by increasing the activity of the coagulation system and by inhibiting fibrinolysis. These contrasting effects could be the reason for model-specific influence of TE on the thrombotic process in STZ-induced diabetes.
Highlights
The present study is a continuation of our previous work wherein we showed the antithrombotic activity of Potentilla erecta rhizome extract in normoglycemic rats and mice (Marcinczyk et al, 2017)
We observed the multidirectional effects of tormentil extract (TE) on hemostasis in STZ-diabetic rats and mice, which were not associated with the blood glucose level
We observed that TE in diabetic rats, unlike in normoglycemic rats (Marcinczyk et al, 2017), does not exert antithrombotic effect in the rat carotid artery
Summary
The present study is a continuation of our previous work wherein we showed the antithrombotic activity of Potentilla erecta rhizome extract in normoglycemic rats and mice (Marcinczyk et al, 2017). The pharmacological properties of tormentil have been discussed in several reviews and it’s monographs are included in the Russian Pharmacopoeia (14th edition), State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Belarus, ESCOP, in the British Pharmacopoeia, or the European Pharmacopoeia (10th edition) (Shikov et al, 2021). These actions are induced by ellagitannins and procyanidins, which are rarely found together in a plant material, the presence of ellagitannins and procyanidins in TE was confirmed by us and other researchers (Geiger et al, 1994; Mari et al, 2013; Marcinczyk et al, 2017). By using stasis-induced model of venous thrombosis in rats (Jiang et al, 2007) and laser-induced model of arterial thrombosis in mice, the antithrombotic effect of procyanidins after oral intake was demonstrated (Sano et al, 2005)
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