Abstract
Multi-dimensional foam structure analysis is critical to identify the properties of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) foamed materials, but most applied analysis only focus on two-dimensional (2D) foam morphology. A novel method of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), a powerful technique for material structure characterization, is then successfully applied for the first time to construct the multi-dimensional (including 2D and 3D) foam structure obtained in scCO2 foaming. In CLSM characterization, fluorescent dye is the key point to enhance polymeric foams’ fluorescence intensity so that the multi-dimensional foam structure is clearly observed. In the multi-dimensional analysis, it is noticed that the statistical cell size via 2D characterization is only 0.79 of that via 3D characterization. This specific conversion coefficient among multi-dimensional foam morphology is further verified in theoretical analysis via micro-/nano-cellular foam simulation. The universal specific conversion coefficient (2D/3D_cell size = 0.79 and 2D/3D_cell density = 1.2) then enables a 3D foam construction for polymeric foams made from scCO2 foaming with only 2D foam characterization data no matter the foam has a micro- or nano-cellular structure.
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